Double-difference relocation of earthquakes in central-western China, 1992–1999     

Z.?X.?YangEmail author  F.?Waldhauser  Y.?T.?Chen  P.?G.?Richards 《Journal of Seismology》2005,9(2):241-264

The double-difference earthquake location algorithm was applied to the relocation of 10,057 earthquakes that occurred in central-western China (21^∘N to 36^∘N, 98^∘E to 111^∘E) during the period from 1992 to 1999. In total, 79,706 readings for P waves and 72,169 readings for S waves were used in the relocation. The relocated seismicity (6,496 earthquakes) images fault structures at seismogenic depths that are in close correlation with the tectonic structure of major fault systems expressed at the surface. The new focal depths confirm that most earthquakes (91%) in this region occur at depths less than 20 km.  相似文献   

Relocation of the 2001 Earthquake Sequence in Aegion,Greece     

Janský  J.  Zahradník  J.  Sokos  E.  Serpetsidaki  A.  Tselentis  G.A. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2004,48(2):331-344

The western part of the Corinth Gulf attracts attention because of its seismically active complex fault system and considerable seismic hazard. Close to the city of Aegion, damaged by the M _L 6.2 earthquake of 1995, a sequence of small earthquakes occurred from February to May 2001. The sequence, comprising 171 events of M _L 1.8 to 4.7, was recorded by a short-period network of the University of Patras, PATNET. As most stations have single component-recording, the S-wave arrival time readings were scarce. A sub-set of 139 events was recorded by at least 5 stations, and in this study we limit ourselves just to that sub-set. A preliminary location is performed by a standard linearized kinematic approach, with several starting depths and crustal models. Then the mainshock is re-located, and finally it is used as a master event to locate the remaining events. The mainshock relocation is performed by a systematic 3D grid search, and the trade-off between depth and origin time is eliminated by a special procedure, the so-called station difference (SD) method. In the SD method, instead of inverting arrival times directly, their intra-station differences are employed. The station corrections, determined from the master event, are also used. As a result, the sub-set is imaged as a relatively tight cluster, occupying space of about 5 by 5 km horizontally and 10 km vertically, with the mainshock inside (at a depth of 7 km). The results should be interpreted with caution, mainly as regards the absolute depth position of the cluster. A more accurate location would require a local network with both P and S readings.  相似文献   

张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位和发震构造/   总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33       下载免费PDF全文

杨智娴  陈运泰  张宏志 《地震学报》2002,24(4):366-377

1998年1月10日在北京西北约180 km的河北省张北县和尚义县交界地区发生的ML＝6.2地震是华北地区近年的重要地震事件．历史上这一地区的地震活动水平不高，迄今在地表未发现有明显活动的断裂．张北-尚义地震发生后，不同机构给出的主震定位结果不尽相同，他们所给出的余震分布也没有显示出优势的展布方向．因此，张北-尚义地震的发震构造亟待研究．本文应用相对定位方法，对张北-尚义地震序列的主震和ML3.0余震重新精确定位．得出:张北-尚义地震序列的主震震中位置为41.145N、114.462E，位于宏观震中的北东方向约4 km处，震源深度15 km；余震震源分布在与震源机制解给出的走向为180～200的节面一致的、接近于竖直的平面内及其附近．张北-尚义地震序列的重新精确定位的结果清楚地表明了张北-尚义地震的发震构造是一近南-北向～北北东向的断层．这次地震是在与华北地区构造应力场方向一致的﹑近水平的、北东东向主压应力作用下发生的右旋-逆断层错动．   相似文献   

洞庭湖区移民安置模式案例研究——以汉寿县为例     

熊鹰  王克林  李晖 《热带地理》2002,22(4):320-324,329

汉寿县是国家、湖南省确定的移民安置重点地区和示范地区，以移民问卷调查作为研究基础，对移民安置模式及移民出向等特征进行分析评价。汉寿县基本移民安置模式为：（1）从退田还湖角度，为利于农业生产，实施单退和双退安置；（2）从移民建镇角度，采取集中安置和分散安置；（3）转垸建镇和筑台建镇等模式。目前移民安置中存在的主要问题是耕地不足，人地矛盾突出，移民就业难，地方工业吸纳移民少等。认为移民安置要与展生态农业、发展农村工业和推动城镇化相互作用，切实做好移民生产、生计安置，综合考虑移民长远发展，并为洞庭湖区移民安置的长远规划提供战略参考。  相似文献   

极干旱区域台站迁徙前后资料的差异分析——以东疆托克逊站为例     

秦榕  井立红  杨霰  任泉  刘卫平  张静 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(5):16-22

采用新疆托克逊站和参考站(尉犁、东坎两站)1974—2014年观测资料,分析了城市化对托克逊站气候资料的影响,结果表明:地处极干旱区域的托克逊站气温、相对湿度和平均风速与参考站一致性较差,其中,由于城市化发展造成托克逊县的升温率为0.44℃·(10 a)~(-1);均一性检测发现,由于城市化的影响,平均气温、相对湿度、风速均产生了断点。新站与旧站观测资料对比分析发现,由于新旧站环境差异大,使得年相对湿度新站比旧站低4.0%;年平均风速新站偏大1.3 m·s~(-1),年风向相符率低只有49.01%,平均风速全年各月在显著性水平0.05的条件下资料不连续。  相似文献   

The complex decision-making of climate-induced relocation: adaptation and loss and damage     

Karen E. McNamara  Robin Bronen  Nishara Fernando  Silja Klepp 《Climate Policy》2018,18(1):111-117

Climate change is increasingly challenging the ability of millions of people to sustain livelihoods as the places where they live become uninhabitable. The relocation of populations as individuals, households, and communities within countries and across international borders demonstrates the complexity of climate change impacts. Looking at the literature, some researchers argue that relocation caused by climate change can be an effective strategy to adapt to localized changes, whereas others argue that the movement away from ones' homeland is more neatly captured in the climate change lexicon as ‘loss and damage’. We argue here that the relocation of people as a result of the impacts of climate change can be both adaptation and loss and damage. Drawing on examples from Alaska and Kiribati, we show that dividing this issue between the two concepts is unhelpful in resolving key issues around the types of appropriate support for these transitions to sustain and protect livelihoods and to open up possibilities for self-determined futures.

Policy Relevance

Climate-induced relocation poses a significant challenge for the populations affected as well as the government agencies tasked with providing technical assistance and funding. At present, policies and institutional frameworks have not yet been developed to accommodate these challenges, despite the urgent need to do so. When the relocation of populations can be planned, participatory, and people centred, then it can be an adaptation strategy that will protect people from the permanent loss of land and livelihoods. If these movements are decided, driven, managed, and undertaken by those affected, then there is the potential for the relocation to also be a transformative opportunity for people to respond to the impacts of climate change, and sustain their livelihoods and possibly even improve certain livelihood outcomes. However, these relocations also cause significant loss and damage. The extent of the loss and damage will partly depend on the ability to have these relocations planned and ensure that human rights protections are embedded in institutional frameworks. The article shares a series of lessons and learnings that are of policy relevance at a variety of scales.  相似文献   

1956～2012年浙闽登陆热带气旋降水精细化观测统计分析     

王坚红  姜云雁  崔晓鹏  沈新勇  任福民 《大气科学》2018,42(1):16-32

选取我国东南沿海热带气旋登陆数目多、经济发达的浙江和福建两省,利用国家级地面气象站逐小时降水观测资料,结合热带气旋降水客观分离方法,对1956~2012年（共57年）浙、闽两省沿海登陆热带气旋降水开展客观分离,统计分析热带气旋登陆期间降水精细化时空分布特征。结果表明:热带气旋平均路径在登陆前6小时至登陆后24小时呈西北行,累积降水具有明显非对称分布特征,与主要水汽辐合区相吻合,登陆后24小时至48小时的降水分布与鄱阳湖水体以及局地地形有密切联系;伴随登陆进程,降水分布呈现显著变化,登陆前,浙、闽两省降水较强;登陆后,降水范围向内陆扩展到浙、闽两省以外地区;登陆点聚类分析指出,所有类别的较强降水时段均位于登陆前12小时至登陆后6小时,但不同类别的降水分布和演变特征具有显著差异,这种差异与局地地形和热带气旋环流所处位置关系密切;小时强降水统计分析显示,伴随着登陆进程强降水频次分布逐渐变化和向内陆地区推进,高频次强降水主要出现在登陆前、后6小时的浙、闽两省沿海地区,且以两省交界附近地区最为集中,与该地区明显的高大地形分布有着密切的关系。两省各台站由登陆热带气旋带来的小时降水极值差异较大,从10到143 mm均有分布,大部分极值在30至60 mm之间。其中,极值大于50 mm的站点主要分布在沿海地区,在浙、闽交界处较为集中,与小时强降水的频次分布一致。  相似文献   

利用双差法对2005年江西九江-瑞昌5.7级地震序列重新定位     

杨中书  曾文敬 《地震地磁观测与研究》2007,28(2):25-31

利用江西地震台网数据,对2005年江西九江-瑞昌5.7级地震序列86个ML≥1.0余震序列用双差法重新定位,定位后得到其中60次地震的基本参数.重新定位后的结果与江西地震台网定位的原始结果进行比较,发现:①重新定位结果显示了震中分布比较集中,震中位置向广济断裂带靠近,定位后的震中空间分布与地面约34°角;②震源深度优势分布集中在7～10 km以内,平均深度为9 km;③重新定位后定位残差由原来的1.21 s降为0.16 s,震源位置的估算误差在EW方向平均为0.21 km,在NS方向平均为0.32 km,在垂直方向平均为0.34 km.  相似文献   

Relocation of the 1998 Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence using the double difference earthquake location algorithm   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨智娴  陈运泰 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(2):125-130

Introduction On January 10, 1998, at 11h50min Beijing Time (03h50min UTC), an earthquake of ML=6.2 occurred in the border region between the Zhangbei County and Shangyi County of Hebei Province. In total 87 events with ML3.0 were recorded by Beijing Telemetry Seismic Network (BTSN) before March of 1999. Before relocation the preliminary hypocenters determined by BTSN showed an epicentral distribution of 25 km long and 25 km wide without any predominate orientation. The epicentral a…  相似文献   

2021年5月21日漾濞M_S6.4地震的发震断层及其破裂特征: 地震序列的重定位分析结果     

王光明  吴中海  彭关灵  刘自凤  罗睿洁  黄小龙  陈浩朋 《地质力学学报》2021,27(4):662-678

据中国地震台网测定，2021年5月21日21时48分在云南省大理州漾濞县发生M_S6.4地震，及时查明此次地震的发震构造及震源破裂特征，可为认识该区孕震条件和判别未来强震危险性提供关键依据。采用双差定位方法对漾濞地震序列进行重新定位，得到3863次地震事件的精确震源位置。结果显示:漾濞地震序列整体呈北西—南东向分布，长约25 km；整体走向135°；M_S6.4主震震中位置为25.688°N，99.877°E；震源深度约9.6 km。综合地震序列深度剖面和震源机制解结果可知，发震断层应为北西走向、整体向西南方向陡倾的右旋走滑断层，倾角具有自北西向南东逐渐变缓的趋势。进一步分析地震序列的时空演化过程发现，该地震具有典型的"前震-主震-余震型"地震序列活动特点，其破裂过程主要包括3个阶段。破裂成核阶段:首先在发震断层10~12 km深度处相对脆弱部位产生小尺度破裂，之后失稳加速破裂，发生M_S5.6地震；主震破裂阶段:在构造应力场持续加载和周围小尺度破裂的共同影响下，促使浅部较高强度断层闭锁区破裂，形成M_S6.4主震；尾端拉张破裂阶段:主震破裂向东南扩展过程中，在东南端形成与之呈马尾状斜交的、具有正断性质的次级破裂，并产生M_S5.2余震。而且此次地震还在源区北东侧触发了北北东向的左旋走滑破裂。综合分析认为，漾濞地震是兰坪-思茅地块内部北西向草坪断裂在近南北向区域应力挤压作用下发生右旋走滑运动的结果，具有明显的新生断裂特征。近年来兰坪-思茅地块内部一系列中强地震的发生表明，青藏高原物质向东南持续挤出的过程中，遇到该地块的阻挡，正在导致地块内部早期断层贯通形成新的活动断裂。因此，川滇地块西南边界带上或相邻地块内部老断层的复活和新生断裂的产生是区域中强地震危险性分析评价中值得关注的重要课题，同时建议需重视未来该区中强地震进一步向东南和向北的迁移或扩展的可能性。   相似文献